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E-signature (Your Signature)

The electronic signature is a cryptographic technology used to verify the authenticity and integrity of digital documents and ensures that the signer cannot deny their approval of those documents. It provides a means to ensure that the digital file or message has not been altered or tampered with during transmission or storage and that it was indeed created by the specified person. It is also a representation of the legal personality in administrative, financial, commercial, and regulatory transactions over the internet or intranet. The electronic signature relies on asymmetric encryption technology where a pair of mathematically related keys are used: the private key and the public key. The private key is kept secret by the signer, while the public key is shared with others as proof or address of the signer to verify that the person with the private key is indeed the one who signed or sent the specified file.

The electronic signature offers significant benefits, including:

  • Credibility: The digital signature provides the ability to verify the identity of the sender, ensuring that the digital document or message originates from the claimed source. This helps build trust and prevent identity fraud.
  • Data Integrity: The digital signature protects the integrity of the data by ensuring that it has not been tampered with or altered since it was signed. Any modification to the signed document will render it invalid, thus ensuring the content remains intact.
  • Non-repudiation: The digital signature is legally binding for the signer, ensuring that they cannot deny their approval of the signed documents. It means that the signer cannot deny their signature on the digital document. The signature is uniquely linked to the signer’s private key, which is under their sole control, making it legally enforceable.
  • Security: The digital signature uses strong encryption algorithms to protect the signed data, ensuring that the recipient can be confident that the files or documents they receive are from the sender exclusively, without any tampering or interception.
  • Efficiency and Cost Savings: The digital signature, in its digital form, replaces the handwritten signature and manual processes associated with traditional signature methods, from paper and ink to the time required to complete traditional tasks. This leads to increased efficiency, reduced administrative and operational costs, and improved speed in business operations.
  • Legal Validity: According to the Iraqi Digital Signature Law No. 78 of 2012, the electronic signature carries legal validity and is recognized as equivalent to a handwritten signature. It complies with many global standards and frameworks related to electronic signatures, facilitating digital transactions and contract management smoothly under Iraqi law.
  • Flexibility: The electronic signature can be applied to a wide range of digital documents and transactions, including contracts, agreements, invoices, financial transactions, government services, and tax documents, etc. It provides a secure and effective means of conducting business in the digital age.

In general, the electronic signature enhances security, trust, and efficiency in digital transactions, offering many advantages over traditional paper-based signing methods.

How to Issue a Digital Signature:

Issuance Method for Individuals:

Digital signatures (Your Signature) are issued after the Ministry of Communications, represented by the General Company for Communications and Informatics (ROOT), granted a license to Masdar Technology Company (Certification Authority) to issue electronic signatures for citizens or employees in state institutions and private companies. Issuance occurs after collecting information from the applicant for the electronic signature, where the Registration Authority obtains the applicant’s data and compares it with their legal personality to verify the accuracy of their initial data, and this is done through two channels:

  1. Through the Digital Onboarding: The digital signature is issued electronically through a set of steps designed to verify the legal identity of the service applicant by a set of security measures to match the person’s legal documents with their legal personality.
  2. Through Physical Presence at the Registration Center (RA): After the applicant attends the registration center, their data is obtained and verified to be forwarded to the issuing authority or Certification Authority to issue the digital certificate.
Issuance Method for Institutions:

When an institution requests the issuance of electronic signatures for a group of its employees, an authorized representative from the institution itself is appointed to communicate with the General Company for Communications and Informatics to obtain approval for the authorized representative to collect the employees’ data through a single registration portal or Web RA. This is done through Masdar Technology Company under the supervision of the Ministry of Communications. The validity of the submitted information will be verified, followed by the issuance of the required digital signatures.

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